The " pink-collar" workforce gave women a foothold in the business and institutional sphere. Education and employment opportunities for women were increasing as western countries became more urban and industrialized. The 19th-century suffragette movement to gain women's democratic rights was the most significant influence on the New Woman. from Johns Hopkins University (1893) and, in 1894, the first woman elected to the Geological Society of America.Īlthough the New Woman was becoming a more active participant in life as a member of society and the workforce, she was most often depicted exerting her autonomy in the domestic and private spheres in literature, theatre, and other artistic representations. Geologist Florence Bascom was typical of the New Woman. Postsecondary and professional education
The "New Woman" was also a nickname given to Ella Hepworth Dixon, the English author of the novel The Story of a Modern Woman.
The term New Woman always referred to women who exercised control over their own lives be it personal, social, or economic. Intended by to characterize American expatriates living in Europe: women of affluence and sensitivity, who despite or perhaps because of their wealth exhibited an independent spirit and were accustomed to acting on their own. According to historian Ruth Bordin, the term New Woman was: Writer Henry James was among the authors who popularized the term "New Woman," a figure who was represented in the heroines of his novels-among them the title character of the novella Daisy Miller (serialized 1878) and Isabel Archer in Portrait of a Lady (serialized 1880–81). keeping her back turned to her suitor as they both pretend to read. The Gibson Girl was a glamorous version of the New Woman, shown here. Their First Quarrel (1914), an illustration by Charles Dana Gibson. The New Woman pushed the limits set by a male-dominated society, especially as modeled in the plays of Norwegian Henrik Ibsen (1828–1906). Independence was not simply a matter of the mind it also involved physical changes in activity and dress, as activities such as bicycling expanded women's ability to engage with a broader, more active world. The term was further popularized by British-American writer Henry James, who used it to describe the growth in the number of feminist, educated, independent career women in Europe and the United States. In 1894, Irish writer Sarah Grand (1854–1943) used the term "new woman" in an influential article, to refer to independent women seeking radical change, and in response the English writer Ouida (Maria Louisa Ramé) used the term as the title of a follow-up article. The New Woman was a feminist ideal that emerged in the late 19th century and had a profound influence well into the 20th century. An undergarment called a bicycle waist is advertised as "graceful as the New Woman".
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